Mobile access towers are widely used and can provide an effective and safe means of gaining access to work at height. However, inappropriate erection and misuse of towers are the cause of numerous accidents each year. Aluminum and thin-wall steel towers are light and can easily overturn if used incorrectly. Towers rely on all parts …
The Compression Test is a laboratory test to determine the characteristic strength of the concrete but the making of test cubes is sometimes carried out by the supervisor on site. This cube test result is very important to the acceptance of insitu concrete work since it demonstrates the strength of the design mix.The procedure of …
Since the cement in the concrete mix is mostly calcareous material and will evolve heat during the hydration process when meets with water, thus the temperature of the green concrete must be under control to avoid it being too high, particularly in the hot season. The temperature control could be by means of the combination …
This is a site test to determine the consistency or workability of concrete and is conducted in the lab or on-site. Nowadays, this test is commonly replaced by the Slump Test to determine the workability of green concrete. The procedure of this test in brief is as follows; 1. Ensure the apparatus and associated equipment …
This is a site test to determine the workability of the ready mixed concrete just before its placing to final position inside the formwork and is always conducted by the supervisor on site. However, in mid of concreting process, should the site supervisor visually finds that the green concrete becomes dry or the placement of …
This is a quick site test to determine the insitu moisture content of the fine aggregate, sand or non-cohesive soils. In principle, the moisture content of these materials should be defined by Oven Test inside the laboratory. But in some cases, while the materials are openly stored without sheltering and meets with a sudden wet …
Composite materials or composites are products formed by combining two or more different types of materials but the essential part of each composite material is still distinguishable. Composite Panel A composite panel is a building material used as a replacement for wood and steel. The panels have similar levels of strength and structural support but …
Sub-floor refers to the base by which a floor covering such as wood, carpet, vinyl or ceramic tiles, etc. is laid upon. Sub-Floor vs. Underlayment A sub-floor is a permanent part of the building structure and should never be removed unless damaged or in cases of remodeling. Underlayment is the layer between the sub-floor and …
Engineered wood flooring is a real wood floor manufactured by having multiple ply layers that are cross layered, glued and pressed together. The inner layers are made of either hardwood and/or soft plywood type of material and incorporate the tongue and groove system. The top hardwood veneer wear layer usually 1/16” to 1/8” thick is …
Solid wood or hardwood flooring uses blocks of wood milled from a single piece of timber. Its thickness generally ranges from ¾” to 5/16”. Types of Saw Cut Hardwood Flooring Colors In their natural state, hardwood colors range from light to medium to dark but they can be stained to meet the owner’s preference to …
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